01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease a 9-inch round cake pan with butter and line the bottom with parchment paper to prevent sticking.
02 - Pour melted butter into the prepared pan, spreading evenly. Sprinkle sugar uniformly over the butter. Arrange blueberries in a single layer over the sugar and drizzle with lemon juice. Set aside.
03 - In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well blended. Set aside.
04 - In a large bowl, beat softened butter and granulated sugar together until pale and fluffy, approximately 3 minutes. Add eggs one at a time, beating thoroughly after each addition. Stir in vanilla extract.
05 - Fold half of the dry ingredients into the butter mixture. Add sour cream and milk, mixing until incorporated. Gently stir in remaining dry ingredients until just combined; avoid overmixing to prevent tough texture.
06 - Carefully spoon batter over the blueberry layer, spreading evenly with an offset spatula to avoid displacing the fruit.
07 - Bake for 35-40 minutes until golden brown and a toothpick inserted into the center emerges clean. The cake should spring back lightly when touched.
08 - Let cake rest in the pan for 10 minutes. Run a thin knife around the edges to loosen. Place a serving plate atop the pan and quickly invert to release the cake. Remove parchment paper carefully.
09 - Allow cake to cool for at least 20 minutes before slicing. Serve warm or at room temperature for optimal texture and flavor.